ЕФЕКТИ НА НИСКОТО КАЧЕСТВО НА ИНСТИТУЦИИТЕ ВЪРХУ ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИЯ РАСТЕЖ – ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ НА ИКОНОМИКИТЕ ОТ СУБСАХАРСКА АФРИКА И ЛАТИНСКА АМЕРИКА ПРЕДИ СВЕТОВНАТА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА КРИЗА
Резюме
Повечето съвременни емпирични изследвания не коментират въпроса доколко ниското качество на институциите пречи на икономическия растеж в развиващите се държави, както и кои конкретни форми на институционални грешки са по-вредни в това отношение. Тук е направен опит да се запълни тази празнота, като са разгледани широк нов набор от данни относно качеството на институциите, обхващащ 42 държави – 30 от Субсахарска Африка и 12 от Латинска Америка. Използвани са 6 индикатора за качество на институциите от Kaufmann et al. (2005, 2007) в няколко уравнения за ендогенен растеж преди световната икономическа криза. След провеждането на серия от тестове се достига до извода, че освен подобряване на институционния капитал развиващите се държави задължително трябва да предприемат генерални реформи на публичния сектор, за да насърчат икономическия растеж. Основното заключение е, че един по-жизнен публичен сектор, освободен от корупция, който осъществява пазарноориентирани политики и осигурява по-ефективната доставка на публични услуги, би могъл реално да стимулира икономическия растеж в тези държави.
Ключови думи
JEL класификация
Литература (библиография)
Acemoglu, D. & S. Johnson (2003). Unbundling Institutions. NBER Working Paper N 9934.
Aron, J. (2000). Growth and Institutions: A Review of the Evidence. - World Bank Research Observer, 15, р. 99-135.
Barro, R. & X. Sala-i-Martin (1992). Convergence. - Journal of Political Economy, 100, р. 223-251.
Barro, R. (1991). Economic growth in a Cross Section of Countries. - Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, р. 407-443.
Collier, P. (2006). African Growth – Why a Big Push? - Journal of African Economies, 15, р. 188-211.
Dollar, D. & A. Kraay (2003). Institutions, Trade and Growth: Revisiting the evidence. Policy Research Working Paper Series 3004, World Bank, Washington.
Glaeser, E. & R. Saks (2004). Corruption in America. NBER Working Paper N 1082.
Johnson, S., J. Robinson & D. Acemoglu (2004). Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-run Growth. NBER Working Paper N 10481.
Kaufmann, D., A. Kraa, & M. Mastruzzi (2005). Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996-2004. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, N 3630.
Kaufmann, D., A. Kraa, & M. Mastruzzi (2007). Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996-2006. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, N 4280.
Kaufmann, A. Kraa, & M. Mastruzzi (2010). 2016 Update: The Worldwide Governance Indicators : A Summary of Methodology, Data and Analytical Issues. World Bank Policy Research Working, Paper N 5430, accessed from http://papers. ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1682130
Knack, S. & P. Keefer (1995). Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross- country Tests using Alternative Institutional Measures. - Economics and Politics, 7, р. 207-227.
Martin, P. (2008). A Closer Look at Botswana’s Development: The Role of Institutions. - Paterson Review, 9, р. 35-54.
Mizon, G. E. & G.-F. Richard, (1986). The Encompassing Principle and its Application to Testing Non-Nested Hypotheses. - Econometrica, 54, p. 657-678.
Ndulu, B. (2006). Infrastructure, Regional Integration and Growth in Sub- Saharan Africa: Dealing with the Disadvantages of Geography and Sovereign Fragmentation. - Journal of African Economies, 15, р. 212-244.
North, D. C. (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rodrik, D. (1996). Institutions and Economic Performance in East and Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the conference. Tokyo: The Institutional Foundation of Economic Development in East Asia.
Rodrik, D. (2000). Institutions for high quality growth: What they are and How to Acquire them? Paper presented at the International Monetary Fund Conference on Second Generation Reforms, Washington.
Sobhee, S K. (2010). Would better Institutional Quality Contribute towards Reducing the Size of Government in Sub-Saharan Africa? - The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 4 (3), р. 265-278.
Sobhee, S. K. (2009). The Economic Success of Mauritius: Lessons and Policy Options for Africa. - Journal of Economic Policy Forum, 12, р. 29-42.
Sobhee, S. K. (2011). Does Globalisation Dictate Public Spending in Sub- Saharan Africa? Evidence after Controlling for Idiosyncrasies. - Journal of European Economy, 10, р. 443-460.
Stiglitz, J. (2012). The 99% Wakes Up. - The Daily Beast, May 2 Issue.
Subramanian, A. & D. Roy (2001). Who can explain the Mauritian Miracle: Meade, Romer, Sachs or Rodrik? IMF Working Paper 01/116. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Sylwester, K. (2000). Income Inequality, Education Expenditures and Growth, - Journal of Development Economics, 63, р. 379-98.
Thomas, R. L. (1997). Modern Econometrics – An Introduction. Addison Wesley Longman, England.
Williamson, O. E. (1995). The Institutions and Governance of Economic Development and Reform. Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1994, р. 171-197.
IMF (International Monetary Fund). (2003). Building Institutions, World Economic Outlook, Washington, D.C.
IMF (International Monetary Fund). (2007). Regional Economic Outlook: Sub- Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.
IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2007а). Regional Economic Outlook: Latin American Growth to Continue Strong. Washington, D.C.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2003). Human Development Report, Washington.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2005). Democracy in Latin America- towards a citizen’s democracy Report.
World Bank (1990). World Development Report. Special issue on poverty, The World Bank, Washington, D.C..
World Bank (2005-2010). World Development Indicators. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.