Articles

• Kamen Mirkovich — University of National and World Economy

  Marginal Utility and Marginal Value

  Abstract ▾ PDF

  The necessity to develop a summary theory about utility and value as categories of value economic behaviour of the individual is justified. They are at the root of the economy and should be the beginning of each complete or fundamental economic research. The concepts for value and marginal value (which are subjective value and subjective marginal value at the level of a particular individual) are introduced and explained together with well-known in literature formulation of utility and marginal utility. A theory about marginal value could not be less important to the economic science than the theory about marginal utility. A conclusion is drawn that the functions (curves) of the total utility and the total value of a variable quantity of a certain good do not start from co-ordinates' beginning, but from other co-ordinate points, which is found to be crucial for the economic equilibrium of the individual. Formulations of value and marginal value are absolutely compatible with the modern economics.

• Georgi Shopov — Economic Research Institute аt BAS

  Political Context of the Pension Reform and the Relation "Research - Politics"

  Abstract ▾ PDF

  The relation between politics and research in the social field, between researchers and politicians has not been specially studied and evaluated in Bulgarian literature for the last years. This is still "a white spot" which is even more striking on the background of enlarging and deepening interest in the topic by academic circles outside Bulgaria. The main objective of the paper is to explain the political context that made possible the pension reform and that opened a wider "political window" for researchers and the practical application of their professional experience and research results.

• Andrea Salavetz — Institute for World Economy of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

  Structural Change and Structural Competitiveness - the Hungarian Experience

  Abstract ▾ PDF

  The paper seeks answers to theoretical, methodological and descriptive research questions. The main finding of the paper that in the long run it is not what countries specialize in, that matters, but rather the quality properties of economic activity. In the short and medium run "good specialization" can spectacularly improve the performance, but not the competitiveness of a country.
  Analysis is based on Hungarian structural data, since the paper tries to find out whether and in which way the Hungarian structural changes fit into global tendencies.

• Emil Hristov — Economic Research Institute аt BAS

  Factor Analysis of Growths in Mean Quantities with Real Net and Gross Effects

  Abstract ▾ PDF

  A methodology for analysis of growths of weight averages is proposed. They are presented as a product of intensive characteristics for economic effectiveness by sectors, companies or other data groups and relative shares (weights) of extensive quantity units in the same groups. The change in a mean quantity is divided only into real effects of changes in group intensive characteristics, changes in weights and their mutual influence. The third effect of the mutual influence originates only in one-way changes (increases or decreases) in a certain intensive characteristic and the corresponding weight.

• Rositsa Ruseva

  Innovation Networks - an Environment for Knowledge Accumulation and Creatiоn of Innovations by Interactive Learning

  Abstract ▾ PDF

  The paper presents a conceptual framework for analysing innovation networks in economic perspective by introducing insights from the new economics of innovation, economics of networks and evolutionary economics. Dynamic interactions are the focal point in defining innovation networks and their features. A typology of innovation networks is developed based on their scope. A distinction is made between internal and external innovation networks reflecting whether the interactions are undertaken within or outside the company. A distinction is made between external national innovation networks and external international innovation networks.